调用api接口实现数据的渲染及详情
首先新建一个项目
yarn create vite vue3-template --template vue
然后下载相应的api
npm i axios router
首先配置
App.vue
<script setup> </script> <template> <router-view></router-view> </template> <style> </style>
main.js
import { createApp } from 'vue' import App from './App.vue' import router from './router' createApp(App).use(router).mount('#app')
封装axios src/utils/request.js
import axios from 'axios' const instance = axios.create({ baseURL:"https://cnodejs.org/api/v1" }) export default instance
在src/api/topics.js 中请求
import axios from '../utils/request'; //请求列表的函数 export const getTopics = (params) => axios("/topics",{params}) //根据id获取详情 export const getTopic = (id,params) => axios.get(`/topic/${id}`,{params})
新建hooks src/componsables/useTopics.js
import { ref,onMounted } from 'vue' import { getTopics } from '../api/topics' export default function useTopics(){ /** * 数据渲染功能 */ //声明 数据 const topics = ref([]) //请求数据 onMounted(async () => { const res =await getTopics() topics.value = res.data.data }) return { topics } }
新建hooks src/componsables/useTopic.js
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router' export default function useTopics(){ //跳转 const router = useRouter() const go = (id) =>{ router.push("/detail?id=" + id) } return { go } }
在 src 下 新建 /views/Index.vue
<template> <div> <ul> <li v-for="topic in topics" :key="topic.id" @click="go(topic.id)"> {{topic.title}} </li> </ul> </div> </template>
<script setup> // import { onMounted,ref} from 'vue'; // import { getTopics } from '../api/topics' // import { useRouter } from 'vue-router' // /** // * 数据渲染功能 // */ // //声明 数据 // const topics = ref([]) // //请求数据 // onMounted(async () => { // const res =await getTopics() // topics.value = res.data.data // }) //数据渲染 import useTopics from '../componsables/useTopics' const { topics } = useTopics(); //跳转 // const router = useRouter() // const go = (id) =>{ // router.push("/detail?id=" + id) // } //跳转 import useTopic from '../componsables/useTopic' const { go } = useTopic(); </script> <style> </style>
在 src 下 新建 /views/Detail.vue
<template> <div> {{topic.title}} <!-- ?表示如果后续的属性不存在了 就不获取了 --> {{topic.author?.loginname}} {{topic.create_at}} </div> </template> <script setup> import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue'; import { useRoute } from 'vue-router'; import { getTopic } from '../api/topics'; let topic = ref({}) const route = useRoute() //获取id const { id } = route.query //拿着id进行数据的请求 onMounted( async () => { const res = await getTopic(id) topic.value = res.data.data }) </script> <style> </style>
在src 下 新建 router/index.js
import { createWebHashHistory ,createRouter} from "vue-router" import Index from '../views/Index.vue' const routes = [ { path:'/', component:Index }, { path:'/detail', component:()=> import('../views/Detail.vue') }, { path:"/store", component:()=> import('../views/Store.vue') } ] const router = createRouter({ history:createWebHashHistory(), routes }) export default router
即可实现数据的渲染以及跳转功能
vue3常用api梳理
setup参数
1.props
props 是响应式的,当传入新的 props 时,它将被更新。
示例如下:
//父组件 <template> <div> <com :num="num"></com> <button @click="add">++</button> </div> </template> <script> import { ref } from 'vue'; import com from './components/com.vue'; export default { name: 'App', components: { com }, setup() { const num = ref(1); const add = () => { num.value++ } return { num, add } } } </script>
//子组件 <template> <div class="hello"> {{num}} </div> </template> <script> export default { props: { num: Number } } </script>
当点击按钮执行add方法,子组件num会自动更新。
2.context
attrs
:Attribute (非响应式对象,等同于 $attrs)slots
:插槽 (非响应式对象,等同于 $slots)emit
:触发事件 (方法,等同于 $emit)expose
:暴露公共 property (函数)
生命周期
选项式 API | Hook inside setup |
---|---|
beforeCreate | Not needed* |
created | Not needed* |
beforeMount | onBeforeMount |
mounted | onMounted |
beforeUpdate | onBeforeUpdate |
updated | onUpdated |
beforeUnmount | onBeforeUnmount |
unmounted | onUnmounted |
errorCaptured | onErrorCaptured |
renderTracked | onRenderTracked |
renderTriggered | onRenderTriggered |
activated | onActivated |
deactivated | onDeactivated |
示例如下:
<template> <div> </div> </template> <script> import { onMounted } from 'vue'; export default { name: 'App', setup() { onMounted(() => { console.log('mounted') }) } } </script>
响应式数据 ref、reactive
ref
:将一个原始数据类型(String、Number、BigInt、Boolean、Symbol、Null、Undefined)转换成一个带有响应式特性的数据类型。reactive
:将一个对象(Object) 转换成带有响应式的特性。
示例如下:
<template> <div> <div>{{age}}</div> <div>{{data.height}} {{data.weight}}</div> <button @click="change">修改</button> </div> </template> <script> import { reactive, ref } from 'vue'; export default { name: 'App', setup() { const age = ref(18); const data = reactive({ sex: 1, height: 178, weight: 110 }) const change = () => { age.value = 20; data.height = 180; data.weight = 1111; } return { age, data, change } } } </script>
可能会觉得data.xxx 的写法太麻烦,那么我们可以使用torefs来解构。
torefs:可以将一个响应型对象(reactive) 转化为普通对象(obj),同时又把该对象中的每一个属性转化成对应的响应式属性(ref)。
示例如下,效果同上:
<template> <div> <div>{{age}}</div> <div>{{height}} {{weight}}</div> <button @click="change">修改</button> </div> </template> <script> import { reactive, ref, toRefs } from 'vue'; export default { name: 'App', setup() { const age = ref(18); const data = reactive({ sex: 1, height: 178, weight: 110 }) const change = () => { age.value = 20; data.height = 180; data.weight = 1111; } return { age, ...toRefs(data), change } } } </script>
在实际的开发过程中,给对象整体重新赋值的情况也屡见不鲜,倘若直接重新是不可以的,可以自行尝试,下面的一种比较推荐的写法,效果同上:
<template> <div> <div>{{content.height}} {{content.weight}}</div> <button @click="change">修改</button> </div> </template> <script> import { reactive, toRefs } from 'vue'; export default { name: 'App', setup() { const data = reactive({ content:{ sex: 1, height: 178, weight: 110 } }) const change = () => { data.content ={ sex: 2, height: 180, weight: 120 } } return { ...toRefs(data), change } } } </script>
coumputed
<template> <div> <div>{{age}} {{age2}}</div> <button @click="add">++</button> </div> </template> <script> import { ref, computed } from 'vue'; export default { name: 'App', setup() { const age = ref(18); const age2 = computed(() => { return age.value * 2 }) const add = () => { age.value++ } return { age, age2, add } } } </script>
watch && watchEffect
watchEffect 它与 watch 的区别主要有以下几点:
- watchEffect不需要手动传入依赖
- watchEffect每次初始化时会执行一次回调函数来自动获取依赖
- watchEffect无法获取到原值,只能得到变化后的值
watch示例:
<template> <div> <div>{{age}} {{age2}}</div> <div>{{data.height}} {{data2.height}}</div> <button @click="add">++</button> </div> </template> <script> import { ref, reactive, watch } from 'vue'; export default { name: 'App', setup() { const age = ref(18); const age2 = ref(0); const data = reactive({ height: 178 }) const data2 = reactive({ height: 0 }) /* eslint-disable */ watch([age, ()=> data.height], ([newAge, newHeight], [oldAge, oldHeight]) =>{ age2.value = oldAge; data2.height = oldHeight; }) /* eslint-disable */ const add = () => { age.value++, data.height++ } return { age, age2, data, data2, add } } } </script>
watchEffect示例:
<template> <div> <div>{{age}} {{age2}}</div> <div>{{data.height}} {{data2.height}}</div> <button @click="add">++</button> </div> </template> <script> import { ref, reactive, watchEffect } from 'vue'; export default { name: 'App', setup() { const age = ref(18); const age2 = ref(0); const data = reactive({ height: 178 }) const data2 = reactive({ height: 0 }) watchEffect(() => { age2.value = age.value; data2.height = data.height; }) const add = () => { age.value++, data.height++ } return { age, age2, data, data2, add } } } </script>
获取元素
获取单个元素使用ref(null),获取v-for中的ref数组需要绑定函数。
示例如下:
<template> <div> <div ref="name"></div> <div v-for="(val,index) in arr" :key="index" :ref="setItemRef"></div> </div> </template> <script> import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue'; export default { name: 'App', setup() { const name = ref(null); const arr = new Array(10); const itemRefs = [] const setItemRef = el => { if (el) { itemRefs.push(el) } } onMounted(() => { name.value.innerHTML = '风舞红枫'; itemRefs.forEach((item, index) => { item.innerHTML = index; }) }) return { name, arr, setItemRef } } } </script>
this不可用
在 setup() 内部,this 不是该活跃实例的引用,因为 setup() 是在解析其它组件选项之前被调用的,所以 setup() 内部的 this 的行为与其它选项中的 this 完全不同。
可以使用下方语句代替
const {proxy} = getCurrentInstance()
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持阿兔在线工具。