.Net Core 同 Asp.Net MVC一样有几种过滤器,这里不再赘述每个过滤器的执行顺序与作用。
在实际项目开发过程中,统一API返回值格式对前端或第三方调用将是非常必要的,在.NetCore中我们可以通过ActionFilterAttribute来进行统一返回值的封装。
在封装之前我们需要考虑下面几个问题:
1,需要对哪些结果进行封装
我目前的做法是,只对ObjectResult进行封装,其他的类型:FileResult,ContentResult,EmptyResult,RedirectResult不予处理
2,对异常错误的封装
既然是统一返回值,当然也要考虑接口异常的问题了
但是不是所有的异常我们都需要返回给前端的,我们可能需要自定义一个业务异常,业务异常可以在前端进行友好提示,系统异常完全没必要抛出给前端或第三方,且需要对系统异常进行日志记录
项目结构:
Exceptions:自定义业务异常
Filters:自定义过滤器(统一结果封装,全局异常)
Models:统一结果实体
部分代码:
using System; namespace NetCoreCommonResult.Exceptions { /// <summary> /// 自定义业务异常,可以由前端抛出友好的提示 /// </summary> public class BizException:Exception { public BizException() { } public BizException(string message):base(message) public BizException(string message, Exception ex) : base(message, ex) } }
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Filters; namespace NetCoreCommonResult.Filters { public class CommonResultFilterAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute { public override void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext context) { if (context.Result is ObjectResult objRst) { if (objRst.Value is Models.ApiResult) return; context.Result = new ObjectResult(new Models.ApiResult { Success = true, Message = string.Empty, Data = objRst.Value }); } } } }
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Filters; using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging; namespace NetCoreCommonResult.Filters { public class GlobalExceptionFilterAttribute : ExceptionFilterAttribute { private readonly ILogger<GlobalExceptionFilterAttribute> _logger; public GlobalExceptionFilterAttribute(ILogger<GlobalExceptionFilterAttribute> logger) { _logger = logger; } public override void OnException(ExceptionContext context) { context.ExceptionHandled = true; var isBizExp = context.Exception is Exceptions.BizException; context.Result = new ObjectResult(new Models.ApiResult { Success = false, Message = context.Exception.Message }); //非业务异常记录errorLog,返回500状态码,前端通过捕获500状态码进行友好提示 if (isBizExp == false) { _logger.LogError(context.Exception, context.Exception.Message); context.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode = 500; } base.OnException(context); } } }
Startup.cs
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting; namespace NetCoreCommonResult { public class Startup { public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; } public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container. public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) services.AddLogging(); services.AddControllers(ops => { //添加过滤器 ops.Filters.Add(new Filters.CommonResultFilterAttribute()); //GlobalExceptionFilterAttribute构造中注入其他服务,需要通过ServiceFilter添加 ops.Filters.Add(new Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ServiceFilterAttribute(typeof(Filters.GlobalExceptionFilterAttribute))); }); //注册GlobalExceptionFilterAttribute services.AddScoped<Filters.GlobalExceptionFilterAttribute>(); // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline. public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env) if (env.IsDevelopment()) app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); } else app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error"); app.UseStaticFiles(); app.UseRouting(); app.UseAuthorization(); app.UseEndpoints(endpoints => endpoints.MapControllers(); } }
最后新建一个Controller然后写上几个不同返回值的的Action
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace NetCoreCommonResult.Controllers { [Route("api/[controller]")] [ApiController] public class HomeController : ControllerBase { /// <summary> /// string /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> [HttpGet] public string Index() => "Welecome to .NetCore"; /// 跳转,不处理 [HttpGet("redirect")] public ActionResult Redirect() => RedirectToAction("Index"); /// [HttpGet("num")] public int Num() => 10; /// 异步 [HttpGet("async")] public Task<IEnumerable<string>> TaskString() =>Task.FromResult<IEnumerable<string>>(new[] { "A","B","C"}); /// 文件输出,不处理 [HttpGet("file")] public ActionResult GetFile() => File(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("File String"), "text/plain"); /// 空返回值,不处理 [HttpGet("empty")] public ActionResult Empty() => Empty(); /// contentResult 不处理 [HttpGet("content")] public ActionResult Content() => Content("this is content"); /// 异常,返回500错误 [HttpGet("exception")] public ActionResult GetException() => throw new InvalidOperationException("invalid"); /// 自定义异常,返回200 [HttpGet("bizException")] public ActionResult GetBizException() => throw new Exceptions.BizException("bizException"); } }
下面是返回结果截图:
上图:访问/api/home和/api/home/redirect的结果
上图:Action返回数字的结果
上图:返回string集合的结果
上图:输出文本文件的结果
上图:返回ContentResult的结果
上图:系统异常的结果,输出状态码为500
上图:抛出业务异常的结果,输出状态码200
不知道如何上传ZIP包,实例代码项目已经放到Gitee上了,后面有时间也会写点简单的例子
地址:https://gitee.com/tang3402/net-core-samples.git
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