在很多项目中,因为webapi是对外开放的,这个时候,我们就要得考虑接口交换数据的安全性。
安全机制也比较多,如andriod与webapi 交换数据的时候,可以走双向证书方法,但是开发成本比较大,
今天我们不打算介绍这方面的知识,我们说说一个较简单也较常见的安全交换机制
在这里要提醒读者,目前所有的加密机制都不是绝对的安全!
我们的目标是,任何用户或者软件获取到我们的webapi接口url后用来再次访问该地址都是无效的!
达到这种目标的话,我们必须要在url中增加一个时间戳,但是仅仅如此还是不够,用户可以修改我们的时间戳!
因此我们可以对时间戳 进行MD5加密,但是这样依然不够,用户可以直接对我们的时间戳md5的哦,因些需要引入一个绝对安全
的双方约定的key,并同时加入其它参数进行混淆!
注意:这个key要在app里和我们的webapi里各保存相同的一份!
于是我们约定公式: 加密结果=md5(时间戳+随机数+key+post或者get的参数)
下面我们开始通过上述公式写代码:
于由我的环境是asp.net mvc 的,所以重写一个加密类ApiSecurityFilter
1、获取参数
if (request.Headers.Contains("timestamp")) timestamp = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("timestamp").FirstOrDefault()); if (request.Headers.Contains("nonce")) nonce = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("nonce").FirstOrDefault()); if (request.Headers.Contains("signature")) signature = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("signature").FirstOrDefault()); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(timestamp) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(nonce) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(signature)) throw new SecurityException();
2、判断时间戳是否超过指定时间
double ts = 0; bool timespanvalidate = double.TryParse(timestamp, out ts); bool falg = (DateTime.UtcNow - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)).TotalMilliseconds - ts > 60 * 1000; if (falg || (!timespanvalidate)) throw new SecurityException();
3、POST/DELETE/UPDATE 三种方式提取参数
case "POST": case "PUT": case "DELETE": Stream stream = HttpContext.Current.Request.InputStream; StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(stream); sortedParams = new SortedDictionary<string, string>(new JsonSerializer().Deserialize<Dictionary<string, string>>(new JsonTextReader(streamReader))); break;
4、GET 方式提取参数
case "GET": IDictionary<string, string> parameters = new Dictionary<string, string>(); foreach (string key in HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString) { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(key)) { parameters.Add(key, HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString[key]); } } sortedParams = new SortedDictionary<string, string>(parameters); break;
5、排序上述参数并拼接,形成我们要参与md5的约定公式中的第四个参数
StringBuilder query = new StringBuilder(); if (sortedParams != null) { foreach (var sort in sortedParams.OrderBy(k => k.Key)) { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(sort.Key)) { query.Append(sort.Key).Append(sort.Value); } } data = query.ToString().Replace(" ", ""); }
6、开始约定公式计算结果并对比传过的结果是否一致
var md5Staff = Seedwork.Utils.CharHelper.MD5(string.Concat(timestamp + nonce + staffId + data), 32); if (!md5Staff.Equals(signature)) throw new SecurityException();
完整的代码如下:
public class ApiSecurityFilter : ActionFilterAttribute { public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext) { var request = actionContext.Request; var method = request.Method.Method; var staffId = "^***********************************$"; string timestamp = string.Empty, nonce = string.Empty, signature = string.Empty; if (request.Headers.Contains("timestamp")) timestamp = request.Headers.GetValues("timestamp").FirstOrDefault(); if (request.Headers.Contains("nonce")) nonce = request.Headers.GetValues("nonce").FirstOrDefault(); if (request.Headers.Contains("signature")) signature = request.Headers.GetValues("signature").FirstOrDefault(); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(timestamp) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(nonce) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(signature)) throw new SecurityException(); double ts = 0; bool timespanvalidate = double.TryParse(timestamp, out ts); bool falg = (DateTime.UtcNow - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)).TotalMilliseconds - ts > 60 * 1000; if (falg || (!timespanvalidate)) throw new SecurityException("timeSpanValidate"); var data = string.Empty; IDictionary<string, string> sortedParams = null; switch (method.ToUpper()) { case "POST": case "PUT": case "DELETE": Stream stream = HttpContext.Current.Request.InputStream; StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(stream); sortedParams = new SortedDictionary<string, string>(new JsonSerializer().Deserialize<Dictionary<string, string>>(new JsonTextReader(streamReader))); break; case "GET": IDictionary<string, string> parameters = new Dictionary<string, string>(); foreach (string key in HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString) { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(key)) { parameters.Add(key, HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString[key]); } } sortedParams = new SortedDictionary<string, string>(parameters); break; default: throw new SecurityException("defaultOptions"); } StringBuilder query = new StringBuilder(); if (sortedParams != null) { foreach (var sort in sortedParams.OrderBy(k => k.Key)) { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(sort.Key)) { query.Append(sort.Key).Append(sort.Value); } } data = query.ToString().Replace(" ", ""); } var md5Staff = Seedwork.Utils.CharHelper.MD5(string.Concat(timestamp + nonce + staffId + data), 32); if (!md5Staff.Equals(signature)) throw new SecurityException("md5Staff"); base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext); } public override void OnActionExecuted(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext) { base.OnActionExecuted(actionExecutedContext); } }
7、最后在asp.net mvc 里加入配置上述类
public static class WebApiConfig { public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) { // Web API configuration and services config.Filters.Add(new ApiSecurityFilter()); config.Filters.Add(new ApiHandleErrorAttribute()); // Web API routes config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes(); config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "DefaultApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); } }
8、添加写入日志类
public class ApiHandleErrorAttribute: ExceptionFilterAttribute { /// <summary> /// add by laiyunba /// </summary> /// <param name="filterContext">context oop</param> public override void OnException(HttpActionExecutedContext filterContext) { LoggerFactory.CreateLog().LogError(Messages.error_unmanagederror, filterContext.Exception); } }
9、利用微信小程序测试接口
var data = { UserName: username, Password: password, Action: 'Mobile', Sms: '' }; var timestamp = util.gettimestamp(); var nonce = util.getnonce(); if (username && password) { wx.request({ url: rootUrl + '/api/login', method: "POST", data: data, header: { 'content-type': 'application/json', 'timestamp': timestamp, 'nonce': nonce, 'signature': util.getMD5Staff(data, timestamp, nonce) }, success: function (res) { if (res.data) {
1)其中getMD5Staff函数:
function getMD5Staff(queryData, timestamp, nonce) { var staffId = getstaffId();//保存的key与webapi同步 var data = dictionaryOrderWithData(queryData); return md5.md5(timestamp + nonce + staffId + data); }
2)dictionaryOrderWithData函数:
function dictionaryOrderWithData(dic) { //eg {x:2,y:3,z:1} var result = ""; var sdic = Object.keys(dic).sort(function (a, b) { return a.localeCompare(b) }); var value = ""; for (var ki in sdic) { if (dic[sdic[ki]] == null) { value = "" } else { value = dic[sdic[ki]]; } result += sdic[ki] + value; } return result.replace(/\s/g, ""); }
10、测试日志
LaiyunbaApp Error: 2 : 2017-10-18 09:15:25 Unmanaged error in aplication, the exception information is Exception:System.Security.SecurityException: 安全性错误。 在 DistributedServices.MainBoundedContext.FilterAttribute.ApiSecurityFilter.OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext) 在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ActionFilterAttribute.OnActionExecutingAsync(HttpActionContext actionContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken) --- 引发异常的上一位置中堆栈跟踪的末尾 --- 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) 在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ActionFilterAttribute.<ExecuteActionFilterAsyncCore>d__0.MoveNext() --- 引发异常的上一位置中堆栈跟踪的末尾 --- 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) 在 System.Web.Http.Controllers.ActionFilterResult.<ExecuteAsync>d__2.MoveNext() --- 引发异常的上一位置中堆栈跟踪的末尾 --- 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) 在 System.Web.Http.Controllers.ExceptionFilterResult.<ExecuteAsync>d__0.MoveNext() 失败的程序集的区域是: MyComputer LogicalOperationStack=2017-10-18 09:15:25 2017-10-18 09:15:25 DateTime=2017-10-18T01:15:25.1000017Z 2017-10-18 09:15:25 Callstack= 在 System.Environment.GetStackTrace(Exception e, Boolean needFileInfo) 在 System.Environment.get_StackTrace() 在 System.Diagnostics.TraceEventCache.get_Callstack() 在 System.Diagnostics.TraceListener.WriteFooter(TraceEventCache eventCache) 在 System.Diagnostics.TraceSource.TraceEvent(TraceEventType eventType, Int32 id, String message) 在 Infrastructure.Crosscutting.NetFramework.Logging.TraceSourceLog.TraceInternal(TraceEventType eventType, String message) 在 Infrastructure.Crosscutting.NetFramework.Logging.TraceSourceLog.LogError(String message, Exception exception, Object[] args) 在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ExceptionFilterAttribute.OnExceptionAsync(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken) 在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ExceptionFilterAttribute.<ExecuteExceptionFilterAsyncCore>d__0.MoveNext() 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder.Start[TStateMachine](TStateMachine& stateMachine) 在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ExceptionFilterAttribute.ExecuteExceptionFilterAsyncCore(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken) 在 System.Web.Http.Filters.ExceptionFilterAttribute.System.Web.Http.Filters.IExceptionFilter.ExecuteExceptionFilterAsync(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken) 在 System.Web.Http.Controllers.ExceptionFilterResult.<ExecuteAsync>d__0.MoveNext() 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1.Start[TStateMachine](TStateMachine& stateMachine) 在 System.Web.Http.Controllers.ExceptionFilterResult.ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken) 在 System.Web.Http.ApiController.ExecuteAsync(HttpControllerContext controllerContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken) 在 System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.<SendAsync>d__1.MoveNext() 在 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1.Start[TStateMachine](TStateMachine& stateMachine) 在 System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpControllerDispatcher.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken) 在 System.Net.Http.HttpMessageInvoker.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken) 在 System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.HttpRoutingDispatcher.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
至此,webapi加密工作已经全部完成,上述异常是直接访问url报的错误,必须在app环境下才可以正常访问。
总结:webapi加密机密很多,像微信小程序,用户很难拿到客户端app的源码,想知道我们的key也是无从说起。当然,我们也得定期更新app版本。
像app for andriod or ios 可以使用双向证书,或者使用我们上述的方式,然后加固app,防止不怀好意的人破解得到key,当然不管如何,我们首先要走的都是https协议!
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持阿兔在线工具。