好久没写博客了,今天特地来更新一下,今天我们要学习的是如何导出数据到Excel文件中,这里我使用的是免费开源的Epplus组件。

源代码下载:https://github.com/caofangsheng93/ExcelExportInMvc

介绍

这篇文章,介绍的是怎样导出数据到Excel文件中,大多数的后端程序都有报表功能:把显示在Grid中的数据导出到Excel文件中,这篇文章中使用的是EPPlus组件。

EPPlus是一个基于OOXML【Open Extended Markup Language 】格式的,操作Excel表格的类库。OOXML是由微软开发的。默认支持微软的Office。

开源网站:http://epplus.codeplex.com/

正文

上面是我们的项目。

首先我们需要引入:EPPlus。

我这里已经引入了。

当我们在程序中使用ORM的时候,我们通常将数据保存在集合中。集合中的数据不能直接导出到Excel文件中。这也就是我们为啥,需要先将List转DataTable的原因。

图1 :导出Excel的步骤

为了完成这篇文章:我们需要四个步骤

1.数据:这里我使用静态数据,来确保这篇文章尽可能通俗易懂。

2.集合:静态数据保存在集合中

3.DataTable:转化泛型集合的数据,保存到DataTable中

4.导出文件:DataTable导出为Excel

首先,我们创建一个类:

public class Student
 {
  public int ID { get; set; }
  public string Name { get; set; }
  public string Sex { get; set; }
  public int Age { get; set; }
  public string Email { get; set; }
 }
Student

然后创建一个静态数据类:

public class StaticDataOfStudent
 {
  public static List<Student> ListStudent
  {
   get 
   {
    return new List<Student>() 
    {
    new Student(){ID=1,Name="曹操",Sex="男",Email="caocao@163.com",Age=24},
    new Student(){ID=2,Name="李易峰",Sex="女",Email="lilingjie@sina.com.cn",Age=24},
    new Student(){ID=3,Name="张三丰",Sex="男",Email="zhangsanfeng@qq.com",Age=224},
    new Student(){ID=4,Name="孙权",Sex="男",Email="sunquan@163.com",Age=1224},
    };
   }
  }
 }
StaticDataOfStudent

然后就是我们的导出Excel帮助类了:

/// <summary>
 /// Excel导出帮助类
 /// </summary>
 public class ExcelExportHelper
 {
  public static string ExcelContentType
  {
   get 
   {
 return "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet";
   }
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// List转DataTable
  /// </summary>
  /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
  /// <param name="data"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public static DataTable ListToDataTable<T>(List<T> data)
  {
   PropertyDescriptorCollection properties = TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(typeof(T));
   DataTable dataTable = new DataTable();
   for (int i = 0; i < properties.Count; i++)
   {
    PropertyDescriptor property = properties[i]; 
    dataTable.Columns.Add(property.Name, Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(property.PropertyType) ?? property.PropertyType); 
   }
   object[] values = new object[properties.Count];
   foreach (T item in data)
   {
    for (int i = 0; i < values.Length; i++)
    {
     values[i] = properties[i].GetValue(item);
    }
    dataTable.Rows.Add(values);
   }
   return dataTable; 
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// 导出Excel
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="dataTable">数据源</param>
  /// <param name="heading">工作簿Worksheet</param>
  /// <param name="showSrNo">//是否显示行编号</param>
  /// <param name="columnsToTake">要导出的列</param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public static byte[] ExportExcel(DataTable dataTable, string heading = "", bool showSrNo = false, params string[] columnsToTake)
  {
   byte[] result = null;
   using(ExcelPackage package=new ExcelPackage())
   {
    ExcelWorksheet workSheet = package.Workbook.Worksheets.Add(string.Format("{0}Data", heading));
    int startRowFrom = string.IsNullOrEmpty(heading) ? 1 : 3; //开始的行
    //是否显示行编号
    if (showSrNo)
    {
     DataColumn dataColumn = dataTable.Columns.Add("#", typeof(int));
     dataColumn.SetOrdinal(0);
     int index = 1;
     foreach (DataRow item in dataTable.Rows)
     {
      item[0] = index;
      index++;
     }
    }
    //Add Content Into the Excel File
    workSheet.Cells["A" + startRowFrom].LoadFromDataTable(dataTable, true);
    // autofit width of cells with small content 
    int columnIndex = 1;
    foreach (DataColumn item in dataTable.Columns)
    {
     ExcelRange columnCells = workSheet.Cells[workSheet.Dimension.Start.Row, columnIndex, workSheet.Dimension.End.Row, columnIndex]; 
     int maxLength = columnCells.Max(cell => cell.Value.ToString().Count()); 
     if (maxLength < 150) 
     { 
      workSheet.Column(columnIndex).AutoFit(); 
     } 
     columnIndex++; 
    }
    // format header - bold, yellow on black 
    using (ExcelRange r = workSheet.Cells[startRowFrom, 1, startRowFrom, dataTable.Columns.Count])
    {
     r.Style.Font.Color.SetColor(System.Drawing.Color.White);
     r.Style.Font.Bold = true;
     r.Style.Fill.PatternType = OfficeOpenXml.Style.ExcelFillStyle.Solid;
     r.Style.Fill.BackgroundColor.SetColor(System.Drawing.ColorTranslator.FromHtml("#1fb5ad"));
    }
    // format cells - add borders 
    using (ExcelRange r = workSheet.Cells[startRowFrom + 1, 1, startRowFrom + dataTable.Rows.Count, dataTable.Columns.Count])
    {
     r.Style.Border.Top.Style = ExcelBorderStyle.Thin;
     r.Style.Border.Bottom.Style = ExcelBorderStyle.Thin;
     r.Style.Border.Left.Style = ExcelBorderStyle.Thin;
     r.Style.Border.Right.Style = ExcelBorderStyle.Thin;

     r.Style.Border.Top.Color.SetColor(System.Drawing.Color.Black);
     r.Style.Border.Bottom.Color.SetColor(System.Drawing.Color.Black);
     r.Style.Border.Left.Color.SetColor(System.Drawing.Color.Black);
     r.Style.Border.Right.Color.SetColor(System.Drawing.Color.Black);
    }
    // removed ignored columns 
    for (int i = dataTable.Columns.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
     if (i == 0 && showSrNo)
     {
      continue;
     }
     if (!columnsToTake.Contains(dataTable.Columns[i].ColumnName))
     {
      workSheet.DeleteColumn(i + 1);
     }
    }
    if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(heading))
    {
     workSheet.Cells["A1"].Value = heading;
     workSheet.Cells["A1"].Style.Font.Size = 20;

     workSheet.InsertColumn(1, 1);
     workSheet.InsertRow(1, 1);
     workSheet.Column(1).Width = 5;
    }
    result = package.GetAsByteArray(); 
   }
   return result;
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// 导出Excel
  /// </summary>
  /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
  /// <param name="data"></param>
  /// <param name="heading"></param>
  /// <param name="isShowSlNo"></param>
  /// <param name="ColumnsToTake"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public static byte[] ExportExcel<T>(List<T> data, string heading = "", bool isShowSlNo = false, params string[] ColumnsToTake)
  {
   return ExportExcel(ListToDataTable<T>(data), heading, isShowSlNo, ColumnsToTake); 
  }
 }

到此为止,后端服务器的代码,基本搞完,现在开始设计我们的前端代码:

我们创建一个ViewModel,用来显示数据:

public class StudentViewModel
 {
  public List<Student> ListStudent
  {
   get 
   {
    return StaticDataOfStudent.ListStudent;
   }
  }
 }

然后创建一个控制器:

 public class HomeController : Controller
 {
  // GET: Home
  public ActionResult Index()
  {
   StudentViewModel model = new StudentViewModel();
   return View(model);
  }
  public FileContentResult ExportToExcel()
  {
   List<Student> lstStudent = StaticDataOfStudent.ListStudent;
   string[] columns = { "ID", "Name","Age"};
   byte[] filecontent = ExcelExportHelper.ExportExcel(lstStudent,"", false, columns);
   return File(filecontent, ExcelExportHelper.ExcelContentType, "MyStudent.xlsx"); 
  }
 }

我们的视图代码:

@model ExportToExcel.Models.StudentViewModel
@{
 ViewBag.Title = "Excel文件导出";
}
<div class="panel">
 <div class="panel-heading">
  <a href="https://www.atool.online/article/@Url.Action("ExportToExcel")" class="btn btn-primary">Export</a>
 </div>
 <div class="panel-body">
  <table class="table table-striped table-bordered">
   <thead>
    <tr>
     <th>ID</th>
     <th>Name</th>
     <th>Sex</th>
     <th>Age</th>
     <th>Email</th>
    </tr>
   </thead>
   <tbody>
    @foreach (var item in Model.ListStudent)
    {
     <tr>
      <td>@item.ID</td>
      <td>@item.Name</td>
      <td>@item.Sex</td>
      <td>@item.Age</td>
      <td>@item.Email</td>
     </tr>
    }
   </tbody>
  </table>
 </div>
</div>

效果图:

点击Export之后,就导出了Excel文件到浏览器中:打开之后。

总结:这个导出帮助类,可以定制导出那些列。

   string[] columns = { "ID", "Name","Age"};
   byte[] filecontent = ExcelExportHelper.ExportExcel(lstStudent,"", false, columns);
   return File(filecontent, ExcelExportHelper.ExcelContentType, "MyStudent.xlsx"); 

这里我只是导出这三列。

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助,同时也希望多多支持阿兔在线工具!

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